Back to required reading

Encyclopedia piece from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

• Wilson, R. A., The Biological Notion of an Individual (not specifically about organisms)

One response to Janzen about dandelions:

• Van Dijk, et al., An Apomixis-Gene’s View on Dandelions

What makes something alive? Includes some discussion of the organism question mostly from the standpoint of microbiology:

• O'Malley and Dupré, Size Doesn't Matter: Toward a More Inclusive Philosophy of Biology
• Dupré and O'Malley, Varieties of Living Things: Life at the Intersection of Lineage and Metabolism

On superorganisms and what this has to do with the units of selection:

• Wilson and Sober, Reviving the Superorganism
• Hamilton et al. Social Insects and the Individuality Thesis: Cohesion and the Colony as a Selectable Individual

More by Scott Turner:

• Turner, (2002), A superorganism's fuzzy boundaries
• Turner, (2000), Gaia, Extended Organisms, and Emergent Homeostasis
• Turner, (2007), Homeostasis, complexity, and the problem of biological design

Other papers:

• Smith et al. The humungous fungus paper
• Xu and Gordon, Honor thy Symbionts
• Lewontin, R. (1983) The Organism as the Subject and Object of Evolution
• Wilson, J. (2000) Ontological Butchery
• Pepper J. and Herron M. (2009) Does Biology Need an Organism Concept?